The KPV peptide is a tripeptide composed of the amino acids lysine-proline-valine that has been studied extensively for its anti-inflammatory properties in the gut. Its mechanism of action involves several key steps, beginning with cellular uptake through the proton‐coupled oligopeptide transporter 1 (PepT1) expressed on the apical membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. PepT1 recognizes and transports a broad range of di- and tripeptides from the lumen into the enterocyte in a sodium-independent but proton-dependent manner. When KPV is administered orally, it binds to PepT1 and is efficiently taken up into the intestinal mucosa. This transport is critical because extracellular KPV alone has limited bioavailability due to rapid degradation by luminal peptidases